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Preparation sparks innovation: Australians grow first coronavirus

Madeleine Achenza

Doherty Institute in Melbourne combines traditional and modern lab techniques to grow the Wuhan coronavirus

Scientists at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute) are the first in the world to successfully grow the novel coronavirus outside of China, a key step in combating the virus.

The lab-grown virus is expected to be used to generate an antibody test, which would allow the coronavirus to be detected in patients that are not displaying symptoms. The World Health Organisation estimates the incubation period can be between two to 10 days. 

“We’ve planned for an incident like this for many, many years and that’s really why we were able to get an answer so quickly,” said Dr Mike Catton, Deputy Director of the Doherty Institute.

The Doherty Institute was uniquely placed to grow the virus, as it has the highly-specific infrastructure and technical skills needed to grow the virus from cells using traditional virus isolation in cell cultures, alongside modern molecular PCR methods. Alongside the laboratory equipment, which is rare, scientists need a highly-specialised skill set to achieve results.

Dr Julian Druce, the head of the Doherty Institute’s Virus Identification Laboratory, responsible for the program, said that his team had grown a number of viruses from the coronavirus family before, including the SARS and MERS strain. After receiving a sample of the virus, swabbed from an infected Melbourne man on January 24, the team worked around the clock to grow it.

Modern methods can get results in 24 hours, while traditional methods take more than two to three days, with more accuracy. There are also additional limitations, as traditional virus cell culture methods cannot be used for all viruses. 

As Catton explains, “We are uniquely placed here in that we got both the diagnostic lab which is doing that work plus traditional methods, in one laboratory, that can bring those two together.”

As of today, there are seven confirmed cases of the coronavirus in Australia: one in Queensland, two in Victoria, and four in New South Wales.

Researchers around the world are racing to combat the spread of the virus, with the South China Morning Post reporting Hong Kong University Professor Yuen Kwok-yung that his team has developed an initial vaccine, though it is still over a year away from human trials.

According to Catton, CSIRO is developing models to test candidate vaccines for the virus, something that would not be possible without access to the virus. 

The Doherty Institute is a joint effort between the University of Melbourne, and the Royal Melbourne Hospital. 
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