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No pain no gain: nerve pain treatment nears human trials

Georgia Fryer

Researchers have successfully treated chronic pain in mice using human stem cells.

Researchers at the University of Sydney have used human stem cells to make pain-killing neurons that provide lasting relief in mice, without side effects, in a single treatment.

The team hopes to trial the treatment in humans suffering from neuropathic pain in the next five years thanks to funding from the NSW Ministry of Health.

Neuropathic pain affects 7-9 per cent of the population, with drugs providing relief to only a quarter of those suffering, according to Professor Greg Neely, a leader in pain research at the Charles Perkins Centre and the School of Life and Environmental Sciences.

Neuropathic pain occurs when a chronic signal sent to the spinal cord and brain changes the flow of the nervous system. This prevents the body from turning off the pain after the injury has healed. It is most commonly caused by back pain, cancer, shingles, nerve injuries and diabetic neuropathy.

“Nerve injury can lead to devastating neuropathic pain. For the majority of patients there are no effective therapies. This breakthrough means for some of these patients, we could make pain-killing transplants from their own cells, and the cells can reverse the underlying cause of pain,” Neely said.

The researchers took human stem cells from skin or blood and turned them into pluripotent cells creating 95 per cent pain-killing neurons.

The neurons are then injected into the spinal cord of the mice, where pain perception is first processed. The injection blocked neuropathic pain at the spinal cord but didn’t affect mice without neuropathic pain. 

Professor Neely said after a single treatment it took seven to 14 days to see successful results that last up to 6 months. Whilst current testing doesn’t exceed 6 months, there is good evidence that the treatment is permanent.

The treatment has also successfully treated pain caused by breast cancer in rats.

In preparation for the human trials, the researchers will conduct safety tests on pigs not suffering neuropathic pain to determine whether any side effects could develop, Professor Neely said. 

The work stems from an earlier study where researchers were able to take pain-killing neurons from the brains of mice and transplant them into mice experiencing neuropathic pain to suppress its effects.

Whilst, this treatment has only successfully helped neuropathic pain that is caused by touch and not cold temperatures, Professor Neely remains optimistic that this form of treatment will be the future of medicine in Australia as it treats the cause of chronic pain and not simply its effects. 
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